Giant-cell-rich tumors of bone

Neoplasms of bone with numerous non-neoplastic osteoclast type giant cells are relatively common and exhibit diverse phenotypes of the neoplastic cells. These tumors have a broad spectrum of biological potential which necessitates accurate recognition and diagnosis. Their clinicopathological features are overlapping, therefore, immunohistochemistry and molecular studies may be required for evaluation. Correlation with imaging studies provides additional information that should be incorporated into the pathological interpretation.     

Cancer Stem Cells and Circulatory Tumor Cells Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic, pathological cancer that significantly affects women worldwide. The mortality rate of BC is related to its heterogeneity, aggressive phenotype, and metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for the interplay between metastasis mediators in BC. BC stem cells, tumor-derived exosomes, circulatory tumor cells (CTCs), and signaling pathways dynamically remodel the TME and promote metastasis. This review examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitate metastasis. This review also discusses the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor-derived exosomes, and CTs in promoting BC metastasis. Furthermore, the review emphasizes major signaling pathways that mediate metastasis in BC. Finally, the interplay among CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in mediating metastasis have been highlighted. Therefore, understanding the molecular cues that mediate the association of CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in TME helps to optimize systemic therapy to target metastatic BC.     

欧前胡素抗肿瘤作用机制及治疗的研究进展

欧前胡素是从中药当归中提取的呋喃香豆素类化合物,临床上常用于治疗头痛、炎症、心血管疾病等。近年来研究发现,欧前胡素对多种类型的肿瘤细胞增殖均有抑制作用,能发挥抗肿瘤的功效。本文就欧前胡素对肿瘤及相关疾病的治疗作用和机制进行探讨,以期从不同的角度为肿瘤治疗提供新思路、新方法,并对欧前胡素的进一步研究和开发利用提供理论基础。     

Paleopathological study of a podal osteochondroma from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Sicily)

In this article, we report a case of isolated podal osteochondroma from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Giarratana, Ragusa, Sicily). Although the phalanx exhibiting the benign tumoral mass comes from a context featuring several commingled remains, the very good state of preservation of this bone allowed us to perform a comprehensive study of the neoplasm by applying a multidisciplinary approach encompassing archeology, morphology, stereomicroscopy, and radiology. The results from this very ancient specimen have been assessed in the light of the available paleopathological literature and clinical implications currently encountered in modern patients.     

胃肠超声造影的临床应用价值

目的对比胃肠超声造影的优缺点,探讨对胃十二指肠良恶性病变的诊断符合率,评估胃肠超声造影的临床应用价值。方法选取200例有胃肠道症状患者的胃肠超声造影检查结果,与胃镜检查结果对比分析。结果胃肠超声造影对胃肠道疾病的诊断符合率为94.34%,特异度为100%,敏感度为94.12%,与胃镜对比,在胃十二指肠良恶性病变的检出率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论口服胃肠超声造影剂对胃十二指肠结构性病变的诊断符合率高,且能有助于提高胰腺等腹膜后病变的检出率,有较好的诊断价值。应熟练掌握胃肠超声检查的适应证,规范扫查流程。     

Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of SCB01A,a Microtubule Inhibitor with Vascular Disrupting Activity,in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

Lessons Learned

• SCB01A is a novel microtubule inhibitor with vascular disrupting activity.
• This first‐in‐human study demonstrated SCB01A safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity.
• SCB01A is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced solid malignancies with manageable neurotoxicity.

BackgroundSCB01A, a novel microtubule inhibitor, has vascular disrupting activity.MethodsIn this phase I dose‐escalation and extension study, patients with advanced solid tumors were administered intravenous SCB01A infusions for 3 hours once every 21 days. Rapid titration and a 3 + 3 design escalated the dose from 2 mg/m² to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based on dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT). SCB01A‐induced cellular neurotoxicity was evaluated in dorsal root ganglion cells. The primary endpoint was MTD. Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor response were secondary endpoints.ResultsTreatment‐related adverse events included anemia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. DLTs included grade 4 elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the 4 mg/m² cohort; grade 3 gastric hemorrhage in the 6.5 mg/m² cohort; grade 2 thromboembolic event in the 24 mg/m² cohort; and grade 3 peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, grade 3 elevated aspartate aminotransferase, and grade 3 hypertension in the 32 mg/m² cohort. The MTD was 24 mg/m², and average half‐life was ~2.5 hours. The area under the curve‐dose response relationship was linear. Nineteen subjects were stable after two cycles. The longest treatment lasted 24 cycles. SCB01A‐induced neurotoxicity was reversible in vitro.ConclusionThe MTD of SCB01A was 24 mg/m² every 21 days; it is safe and tolerable in patients with solid tumors.     

基于MDT的对分课堂联合CBL教学模式在软组织肿瘤临床教学中的应用

目的:探讨基于MDT的对分课堂联合CBL教学模式在软组织肿瘤临床教学中的应用效果及学员对该教学模式的评价。方法:选取2017年1月至2019年10月在我科接受住院医师规范化培训的50名学员为研究对象。随机分为对照组和实验组，每组25人。对照组授课方式为传统教学法，实验组授课采用MDT联合对分课堂和CBL教学法。教学结束后，采用命题考试进行教学效果考核；采用问卷调查的方法评估学生对教学模式的满意度。结果:实验组的选择题、简答论述、病例分析和总成绩分别为26.36±2.75、18.24±2.40、30.76±3.09、75.36±5.96，而对照组分别为24.40±3.80、16.60±2.10、29.04±2.86、70.04±6.30，两组比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）。在提高课堂学习效率、学习兴趣、自学能力、理论知识的理解和记忆能力，扩充专业知识，提高文献检索能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力、临床思维能力，这8个维度的赞成度调查中，实验组均优于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组学员对本组教学模式的接受度更高（P<0.05），但也有更多的实验组学员认为本组教学模式增加了学习负担（P<0.05）。结论:MDT联合对分课堂和CBL的教学模式应用于软组织肿瘤临床教学中，有利于提高教学效果，且接受度更高。